Literature review of antitumor and immunomodulatory potential of Fucoidan
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24866/3033-5485/2025-3/50-63Keywords:
fucoidan, cancer, immunomodulation, antitumor activityAbstract
This review analyzes current studies on the antitumor and immunomodulatory activity of low molecular weight Fucoidan (LtF). Based on in vitro and in vivo data, fucoidan has been shown to exert a pronounced cytotoxic effect on various tumor cell lines, induce apoptosis and autophagy, suppress proliferation, regulate the cell cycle, and inhibit angiogenesis.
Mechanistic studies have shown the involvement of key signaling pathways, including PI3K/Akt, JAK-STAT, p38 MAPK/ERK, and mTOR, substantiating the complex effect of the compound on tumor and immune pro-
cesses. The effect of Fucoidan on the intestinal microbiota and modulation of the T-cell response confirms its potential in combination therapy with anti-PD-1 and other immunotherapeutic approaches. Additionally, it is noted that the effectiveness of standard chemotherapy is enhanced while reducing side effects. Structural characteristics and source of Fucoidan have significant impact on pharmacological effects, which highlights the need for standardization of extraction and chemical composition of the compound.
Despite the convincing results, the existing limitations related to variability of study design and insufficient clinical verification require further systematic and clinical studies. The review highlights the potential of low molecular weight Fucoidan as a multi-target adjuvant agent in cancer therapy and stimulates further basic and translational research.
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