Investigation of fire-resistant impregnation for wood

Abstract

To identify the presence of fire protection on wood and to evaluate the fire protection effect of impregnating compositions, it is necessary to conduct natural experiments on thermal destruction of materials sub-jected to fire protection treatment in comparison with native materials. The aim of the study is to investigate the behavior of wooden rafters of attic structures impregnated with a fire protection composition under thermal exposure and the degree of penetration of the impregnation deep into the material. The object of the study was samples of native wood and wood treated with a fire protection impregnation. Samples were taken from the edge of the wood and from 2, 4, 7 cm from the edge of the treated wood from a saw cut of a wooden beam. The objectives of the study were to identify the fire protection effect of impregnation on layers of wooden beams from the edge to the center, and to determine the identification of substances released from wooden structures under thermal influence. The wood studies were carried out using the method of synchronous thermal analysis combined with IR Fourier. It has been proven that wood treated with the composition does exhibit fire-protective properties; when exposed to temperature, impregnated wood emits 2–4 times less heat than native wood. Layer-by-layer analysis of the behavior of wood samples indicates the lowest heat emission of the wood layer located 2 cm from the edge. The low level of penetration of the impregnation into the deep layers of wood has not been confirmed. When burning, mainly harmless components (water and carbon dioxide) are released, with the exception of the deep layers, from which acetic acid and carbon disul-fide vapors are released, which is dangerous for firefighters extinguishing the fire and people who have not managed to evacuate the burning building.