Periodization of China's foreign policy towards the Central Asian region (1990-2024)

Abstract

This article provides an overview of China's foreign policy strategies towards Central Asian countries, focusing on changes and transformations that have occurred over the past three decades. The author emphasizes the identification of various aspects of the evolution and gradual strengthening of China's policy towards Central Asian countries. Four key stages of development and transformation in China's foreign policy towards the region over the last 30 years are identified and examined. The article explores the development of China's foreign policy aspirations related to infrastructure projects, the reinforcement of economic ties, and the intensification of cooperation with Central Asia in maintaining regional security. It is argued that, starting from 2022, amidst growing international tensions, China and Central Asian countries are entering a new phase in the development of their political and trade-economic relations. It is noted that the fourth stage is characterized not only by the consolidation of traditional areas of cooperation but also by the emergence of new challenges and opportunities that shape the future dynamics of relations between China and the Central Asian region.