Биологические функции внеклеточных везикул человека
Ключевые слова:
внеклеточные везикулы, экзосомы, микровезикулы, апоптозные тельца, структура, биологические функции, клиническое использованиеАннотация
Внеклеточные везикулы представляют собой секрет практически всех клеток человека. Они выполняют регуляторную функцию, обеспечивая межклеточное взаимодействие в широком спектре физиологических и патологических процессов. Изучение механизмов таргетного везикулярного влияния на нейродегенеративные процессы, постишемический неоангиогенез, опухолевый рост, дифференцировку стволовых клеток, формирование иммунитета является перспективным в поиске новых терапевтических стратегий. Спектр транспортируемых внеклеточными везикулами протеинов и нуклеиновых кислот специфичен, что делает возможным их клеточную и тканевую идентификацию. Присутствие везикул в биологических жидкостях, таких как кровь, плазма, моча, спинномозговой ликвор, грудное молоко, может послужить основой для их использования в качестве новых диагностических маркеров. Обзор содержит современные данные об истории изучения, классификации, характеристиках и биологических функциях внеклеточных везикул человека, возможностях их клинического применения.
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